Facial muscle human and dog similar segmentation

We’ve color-coded these two pictures to showcase the similar segmentation of facial muscles of humans and dogs. Many of the corresponding muscles also share the same function, although there are exceptions.

Did you know that most mammals don’t have facial expressions that humans can recognize, while dogs do? This is due to the domestication of dogs that happened some 33,000 years ago, which transformed the facial muscle anatomy of dogs specifically for facial communication with humans.

Check out this article for more on this: https://www.pnas.org/content/116/29/14677 and our book on facial expression: https://anatomy4sculptors.com/collections/books/facial-expressions